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Citation guides
How to format in-text citations and reference lists in the major styles, with examples you can copy.
Citation styles
Full guides to each major referencing style.
- APA 7th Edition: In-Text Citations and Reference ListThe core APA 7th rules for graduate writing: in-text citations, author rules, the reference list format and examples for articles, books, chapters, webpages and dissertations.
- Harvard Referencing Guide: In-Text Citations and Reference ListHow author-date Harvard referencing works in UK universities, with Cite Them Right style examples for books, articles, chapters, websites and reports.
- IEEE Citation Style: In-Text Numbers and Reference ExamplesHow IEEE numbered citations work, the reference list rules and correct formats for journal articles, conference papers, books, standards, theses, patents and websites.
- MHRA Referencing: Footnotes, Short References and BibliographyHow MHRA style works in the humanities: full footnotes on first citation, short forms after that, bibliography entries and examples for books, chapters, journal articles and websites.
- MLA 9th Edition: Works Cited, in-Text Citations and ContainersHow the MLA 9th container model works, the nine core elements in order, in-text citation rules and works cited examples for books, articles, chapters and websites.
- OSCOLA Referencing Guide for UK LawHow OSCOLA footnotes work, with examples for cases, neutral citations, statutes, journal articles, books, websites, later references and the bibliography.
- Vancouver Referencing: In-Text Numbers and Reference ExamplesHow Vancouver numbered citations work in medicine, nursing and health sciences, with reference formats for articles, books, chapters, web pages, reports and theses.
How to cite specific sources
Books, journal articles, websites, dissertations and in-text citations.
- APA in-Text Citations: 7th Edition Rules and ExamplesParenthetical and narrative formats, author numbers, groups, missing authors and dates, quotations, multiple sources, personal communications and secondary sources.
- Chicago Author-Date Style: In-Text Citations and Reference ListHow Chicago author-date citations and reference list entries work in the 18th edition, with examples for books, journal articles, chapters and websites and the errors to avoid.
- Chicago Notes and Bibliography Style: Footnotes and BibliographyHow Chicago notes-bibliography style works in the 18th edition: full and shortened notes, bibliography entries, author rules and examples for books, articles, chapters and websites.
- How to Avoid Plagiarism in Graduate and Research WritingThe forms plagiarism takes, how to paraphrase and quote properly, when to cite, how text recycling works in theses and articles, and what similarity reports really show.
- How to Cite a Book in APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver and IEEEReference and in-text formats for a whole book, an edited book, a chapter and a translation, side by side in six major styles.
- How to Cite a Dissertation or ThesisReference list and in-text formats for dissertations and theses in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver and IEEE, for database, repository and unpublished copies.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in Seven Citation StylesOne journal article cited in APA 7th, MLA 9th, Harvard, Chicago notes and bibliography, Chicago author-date, Vancouver and IEEE, with in-text formats and what to do when there is no DOI.
- How to Cite a Website in APA, MLA, Chicago and HarvardThe details to collect from a webpage, side-by-side formats for the main styles, and what to do when a page has no author, no date or keeps changing.
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